African American History and Genealogy of Jennings County

On this page are the following: Negro Registry of 1853: Names and Ages
Richland Community in Vernon Township compiled by Denise Shafer
Newspaper items arranged chronologically compiled by Denise Shafer
Interview with Thelma Agnes Colbert Walker by Denise Shafer
Black American Churches and Schools of North Vernon, Indiana by Denise Shafer

NEGRO REGISTRY OF 1853 - NAMES AND AGES

ANTHONY: Charolette (38), David (53), Nancy (22) and William (22)
BRANDON: Lemuel (17)
CARSEY: Alexander (19), Dennis (64), Eliza Jane (18), Ephraim (32) and Ephraim (60)
CARSEY: George (54), Hulbert ( 21), Mariah Jane (19), Sally (60), Stephen (70) and Willis (17)
DENNIS:Enoch Wagner (7), James Walter (9), John William (15) and Margaret (37)
DENNIS; Margaret Ann (4), Mary Eliza (11), Peter (41) and Robert Mazwell Jackson (2)
DENNIS: Sarah Elizabeth (13)
DUNLAP: Jane (51), Martha (30), Nancy (20), Peter (63) and William (5)
DYE: Acquilla Ann (9), Daniel (44), James William (8) and Nancy Jane (13)
EDWARDS: Grace (18)
EVANS: Zebidee (19)
HARPER: Grigg (82), Jane (56), Riley (28) and Thomas (29)
HENDERSON: Harrison (42)
HENRY: Thomas J. (33)
HILL: Agrippa (15), Ananis (51), Bluford A. (28) , Jefferson (20), Lewis (69) and Mary Ann (23)
HOOD: Ephraim (59), Fanny (46), Hannibal (41), James H. (11), John (20), Mary (16) and William (55)
HULLMAN: Jasper (10)
JOHNSON: Juda (72), Mary (30), Sarah Esther (4) and Thomas L.(29)
KING: Emeline (24), Jane (26), Spencer (68) and Spencer Beverly (19)
LEE: Ellen (not given) and William (54)
MCCOPPIN: Marshall (38) and Sarah (35)
NEWBY: James (16)
NEWSOM: Emily (19)
NORMAN: Augustus (15), Nancy (47) and Willis (13)
PETTIFORD: Drury Mr. (41)
PHILLIPS: Cynthia (3), Elzora (5), Emily (1), Henry (31), Jesse (21), Joseph (2 1/2) and Rosa (23)
PHILLIPS: Silvester (19), Stephen (15) and Wesley (25)
STAFFORD: Martha E. (20), Richard (30)
VALENTINE: Andrew (23), Caroline (34), James (3), Jesse (4 mos.), Martha (5) and Samuel (28)
VICKERY: Addis (18), Allen (39), James (49), Oliver (17) and Rhoda (49)
WALLACE: Elias (19) and Isaiah (19)
WHITE: William (50)
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Richland compiled by Denise Shafer

Richland in Vernon Township was a Black American community located in the northern sections of which are now in what is CROSLEY State Fish and Wildlife Area. We know that there was a church, many farms, a school, a large cemetery and possibly a general store. This area might have been inhabited by runaway slaves before 1816. Here are some bits and pieces of its history:

August 6, 1847 Concerning the Church at Richland – The deed was from ACHILLES and MARTHA VAWTER to these trustees of the African M. E. Church: SPENCER KING, EPHRAIM KERSEY, and THOMAS BRADLEY. However this deed was not recorded until June 18, 1876.

August 26, 1869 Vernon Banner - We are indebted to Mr. KERSEY, who lives on the Paris Road, below Vernon, for some of the first ripe peaches of his orchard. He is one of the most experienced peach growers in the county. (This is an assumption that this refers to the KERSEY family of Richland.)

July 19,1876 Vernon Banner – The colored folks in the neighborhood of Richland, will organize a HAYES and WHEELER Club at the school house on the Paris Road, one evening this week.

August 9, 1876 Vernon Banner - The colored folks had a very enthusiastic meeting at their school house, on the Paris Road, southeast of this place, last Thursday evening. Their HAYES and WHEELER club was out in full force. The meeting was addressed by Mr. C. F. GREEN of North Vernon and Mr. TUCKER (colored) of Seymour.

August 16, 1876 Vernon Banner – Speakings – JAS. S. HINTON (colored), of Indianapolis, at Richland School House, Thursday August 17, at 7 o’clock p.m.

September 26, 1878 Plain Dealer – Hon. J. S. HINTON spoke to a crowded house at Richland Friday night, and richly repaid his audience for turning out in bad weather. Found in the Vernon Local News Column.

October 17, 1878 Plain Dealer – Vernon Local News Column – Mr. GEORGE VANAREM began school at Richland on Monday morning.

December 5,1878 Plain Dealer - Gleanings from Vernon Column – Mr. JESSE PHILIPS, of Richland, died of consumption last week. He left a large family of children, who have now neither father nor mother.

May 22, 1879 Plain Dealer – The colored people will hold a basket meeting in the grove near Richland school house on Saturday next.

March 13, 1889 Vernon Banner – CLARENCE PETTIFORD, the little grandson of Aunt ANNA HOOD, died at his home on Richland last Thursday morning, and his remains were buried in the colored cemetery there on Friday morning.

August 28, 1889 Plain Dealer – The colored people of 2d M. E. Church of this place, with those of the Richland Church, will begin a Camp Meeting on the Fair Grounds at this place on Friday of this week and will continue it until September 8th. They have made all arrangements to have the services very interesting both in the way of preaching and singing. On the two Sundays over which the Camp Meeting will be held an admission fee of ten cents will be charged; children under 12 years 5 cents. Rev. T. L. FERGUSON, L. BRANDON and GEORGE STATEN are the management committee, and they will endeavor to make the occasion a pleasant one for all who attend.

November 6, 1889 Plain Dealer - Vernon Column – The infant child of CHARLES PHILLIP and wife died Wednesday morning and was buried in the Cemetery at Richland Thursday.

April 9,1890 Vernon Banner - JOHN SIMPSON closed his school at Richland on Saturday. This was JOHNS first term but he mastered it like an old pedagogue. JOHN is bound to make his mark in his profession.

April 9,1890 Vernon Banner – ALPHA CHILDS (teacher at Richland) was reported sick in the April 9 paper, however his sister JENNIE was substituting for him.

1892 - HILL, MARTHA MRS. BLEWFORD (BLUFORD) A. Died January 13

Februrary 10,1892 – From the column entitled Early Days In and Around Vernon – Southern Indiana so near the border was a city of refuge for the fleeing slaves. A large settlement of them had grown up east of Vernon on the State Road. A settlement so exclusively Negro, that it was called Africa. Here one of these fugitives had lived for years, honest, industrious and respected by his white acquaintances; he was a familiar figure in town, where he was often employed, and few if any knew that he had been a slave. He had married a free woman and had a family of children growing up. So long had he been free the memory of slavery must have faded out. Into this abode of peace and security one day appeared two men hunting for runaways. With the aid of a constable, (who still lives in Vernon) he was torn away from his family, rushed before a justice of the peace sitting in the Court House and on the testimony of an unknown stranger, was given up to his so called master and placed by him in jail for safe keeping (all according to law) and only allowed to see his weeping wife and children through the iron barred window. Indignation rose to fever heat, a forcible rescue was whispered about: so under cover darkness he was spirited away and disappeared in that unknown abyss that received a runaway slave.

May 15,1903 Plain Dealer - From the column Colored News - Mrs. GRACIE HENRY died at her home at Richland, Sunday, and was buried Monday.

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Local Newspaper Items Arranged Chronologically

December 17, 1868 Banner Plain Dealer - CHURCHES METHODIST – Rev. T. B. MCCLAIN, Pastor, service every Sabbath at 10 ½ a. m. Sunday School at 9 o’clock. Sunday school on the Greensburg Road for the colored people at 3 o’clock.

August 1, 1871 Plain Dealer - Stated that the brick work on the Presbyterian Church (in North Vernon) is almost done. When finished it will present quite a nice appearance and be creditable to out town. (Perhaps this was the first brick church built in North Vernon and not the 2nd Methodist as S. J. RICHARDSON stated in his letter of the February 2 1945 Plain Dealer.)

April 6, 1876 Plain Dealer - The funeral preached at the 2d M. E. Church at this place, on the 28th of March last, by Rev. A. J. WARNER for MARTHA BOWEN was well attended by colored and white people. Had this funeral taken place one year ago only colored people would have been there, but due to the fact that the people of the church secured the services of Rev. WARNER for the years of 1875 and 1876. He has instructed his people what humanity is, and their duty to each other and their God. The good Christian life of MARTHA was also extolled.

January 16, 1879 Plain Dealer – Butlerville Column – the suit pending between WM. PENN colored, and Campbell Township, brought by said PENN to compel the township to admit colored children to the white schools, has been continued until the March term. The trial was commenced late in the term and the case was set for the last day. The trustee was ready with his defense, but the court had not time to hear the case. Our township is supplied with a colored school as good in every respect as the white ones, and we do not see why this should not be satisfactory to all. We fully admit that colored people are lawfully entitled to all of the rights and privileges enjoyed by white people, and that it is right that it should be so; but we are unable to see wherein their rights are abridged by supplying them with a school, composed of colored pupils, where thy may be classed to suit their exact wants, and are supplied with as good a teacher as are the various white schools.

1905 April 21 Sun - The festival given by the colored Odd Fellows in their hall Saturday night proved both hilarious and profitable.

1905 August 11 Sun - The colored Odd Fellows of Vernon and North Vernon will celebrate Emancipation day September 22, at the fair grounds and a big time is anticipated. A parade will probably be given in which Oddfellows from Madison; Seymour and Columbus will participate.

September 12, 1909 Republican - EMANCIPATION DAY TO BE CELEBRATED BY NORTH VERNON COLORED FOLKS - The colored folks of this city are making elaborate arrangements for a grand celebration at the Fair Grounds here on September 22. The entertainment will consist of speeches, games, races, etc., and the orators of the day will be Prof. HUGH ROUSE of Evansville, Rev. HARDIMON of Franklin, and Prof. CANE of Seymour. Welcome addresses will be delivered by Rev. W. S. ROLLINS and Prof. DAMERON. Abundance of excellent music will be furnished by home talent and Glee Clubs from Madison and Columbus.Program at Opera House at night. Everybody cordially invited. Prof. J. L. DAMERON is Master of Ceremonies, CLARENCE GOOD, Marshal of the day and JAMES BOOKER, W. W. BARTON, DAN’L BROADUS, CHAS. GOOD and HENRY GRIFFIN, Committee on Arrangements.

September 23, 1909 Republican - The Emancipation Day Celebration by the colored folks at the fair grounds was well attended, a large number coming from adjoining cities and a pleasant and appropriate program was rendered. The local band furnished music for the occasion.

September 9, 1920 Plain Dealer
THE SECOND M. E. CHURCH
- Rev. J. S. ROBERTS’ Pastor
The rally was a success on Sunday and the sum of $105.15 was laid on the table for the trustees. Of this amount Mrs. ELIZA JOHNSON of South State Street collected $57.00 and Mr. W. H. LYLE collected $8.00; the rest of the sum was laid on the table by members. The Ladies Aid has had the parsonage wired for electric lights and the pastor is very glad to get the lights. The church is now out of debt and we are getting along fine we are glad to report. Mrs. F. G. MARTION, of Cleveland, Ohio, is here visiting her sister and brother Rev. J. S. ROBERTS and wife and she is delighted with our city and its people.
Sunday school at 9:45 a. m.
Morning services at 11 a. m.
Epworth League at 7 p. m.
Preaching at 8 p. m.
Our subject for morning services, “Coming of Jesus.” Night services, “Going with Jesus.
”Everybody invited to come. We always have good music.

July 13, 1933 Sun - FULL STAFF OF TEACHERS FOR THE CITY SCHOOLS - Colored School: HOLMES E. CRAIG 5th, 6th and 7th and Miss EDNA GOODE 1st, 2cd, 3rd, 4th

May 3, 1945 Plain Dealer(From the "Colored People Column") - Pupils of the Laurel St. School rendered two special numbers entitled “Russia” and “King Jesus is a Listening” at the high school gym Tuesday afternoon, Miss DAVIDSON, teacher.


August 23, 1945 Plain Dealer - TEACHERS ARE SELECTED FOR CITY SCHOOLS - ALLEN L. PARTEE will be the teacher at the Laurel Street School. The janitor will be MELVIN GOOD at the Laurel Street School.

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INTERVIEW WITH THELMA AGNES COLBERT WALKER by Denise Shafer
Appeared in the North Vernon Plain Dealer, Late in 2005.

On August 3, 2004, Thelma Agnes Colbert Walker, 91, sat in a rocker on her front porch in the West End swatting at pesky insects with her fly swatter. Her eyes sparkled and she was happily enjoying reminiscing about her days living in North Vernon. Her home is full of family portraits many very old and all of them priceless. The only changes to the house where Thelma was born have been the addition of the front porch, running water and electricity. Thelma was born July 25, 1913 to Fred and Mary Elizabeth Sanders Colbert who both were from Kentucky. The only grandparent she knew was her maternal grandmother Mandy Sanders who lived in Madison, Indiana. Mandy had been a slave and told her grandchildren some things about those days. Thelma remembered her talking about being put on an auction block and sold, and papering her room with Confederate one dollar bills, when Thelma asked here where the house was Mandy didn’t remember. But all of Thelma’s sisters and brothers wanted to know so that they could got and get those dollars of the wall. Mandy died at 112 years old. Thelma was the sixth of 10 children. This birth order may not be exact; her brother’s were Alfred, Logan, Alford, Bill, Roger and Freddy: her sister’s were Annabel, Mary and Sally. Alfred was a hobo and Logan was in Al Capone’s gang, he also was in jail. Her mother took in washing and ironing for people and got the opportunity to stay home with her children. Her father worked at Bott’s Saloon in North Vernon until he got a job on the railroad. He was hit by an engine and died later in an Indianapolis Hospital.

While growing up Thelma’s family relied on her brother’s and father’s hunting wild game at a time before license were needed. They also butchered and ate the many chickens and rabbits her brother’s raised for food. The children used to fetch water from a well down in the hollow nearby

Fred Colbert had a hobby of collecting old cars, “I’ll bet daddy bought an old car every week.” The families’ first car was an old Model T which often had flat tires. More times than not they made it to Madison on the train to visit her grandmother and Uncle Henry and Aunt Ella Neill. Mary Colbert and her sister Ella used to take turns caring for Mandy Sanders.

Thelma took the train or would go in her father’s old Model T to visit her relatives in Kentucky. She remembered going to see her grandmother and always getting a flat on what is now State Road 7 which was gravel at the time and it taking a lot longer to get there.

Thelma’s brothers taught her to drive a vehicle long before people had to have a license, on a race track they had made in what is now Erler’s Field. The West End was full of children and they all seemed to play and some of them learned to drive there too.

Thursday was the day she and her mother and sisters would go to the fair where the City Park is now. They had to pay 50 cents a piece to get in Thelma remembered on time when she didn’t have the money to get in, sneaking in under the fence tearing her dress. Her mother wouldn’t let her go home to change, so she found pins from people she knew. She and her sisters fixed her dress and they had a good time at the fail anyway. Later when her mother Mary got a job cleaning the toilets at the fair ground, she and her siblings got in free and to them that was really something.

Thelma purchased the lot just to the east of her house where her flower garden and two concrete blocks of stairs now stand. There had been a two story Social Hall for the2nd Methodist Church which was used up until the mid sixties for Church socials and fund raising events. The building contained a kitchen and was also used for Sunday School purposes. Thelma also remembers the streets being blocked off from Laurel Street at Hicks to High Street for block parties. There was music, dancing, food and lots of friendship and fun.

Before the Corinthian Baptist Church was built by her Uncle Gloster Taylor (the only African American contractor in town), she and her family went to the 2nd Methodist Church on Stockwell. She and her siblings were paid 5 cents a day to watch the people’s buggies and feed grass to their horses.

Almost every holiday the Church would have a program where the children would recite speeches and sing songs; Thelma enjoyed these with family, friends and other social activities. At Christmas the family would make paper decorations and string popcorn her brother’s would chop down a tree and the family would decorate it with their homemade ornaments. At Easter there would be an Easter Egg Hunt in the O’Neal’s field nearby and during her childhood Thelma had never heard of the Easter Bunny. Halloween was a Holiday that she really enjoyed, she and her neighborhood friends, each on a different night, would soap windows, throw corn, and cabbage. Trick or treating was especially fun for them due to the fact that when they went up to the houses around where the Police Department is in 2004, the people would give them whole candy bars. This was a real treat because all they could get was pieces of penny candies.

Thelma’s first date was in the upstairs of the building on the corner of Walnut and Buckeye for a dance. She was married to Roger Clarence Goode on July 26, 1934 when she was 21 and from this union came five children. They are Patricia Greene, Isalean Johnson (a name Thelma heard on a radio program, the Doctor who delivered Isalean came up with the spelling,) Roger Goode Jr., Maryann White and Marion Edward Goode. Marion died in April of 1961 in a car wreck on his way to a dance in Madison on Highway 7 along with Russell E. Davis, Moses Taylor and Steve Litzy. Another occupant of the vehicle who was seriously injured was Leroy Litzy. After Roger died Thelma was married to William Walker for ten years. She currently has 26 great grandchildren and 3 great great grandchildren.

Thelma’s sister, Mary Louise Colbert Warfield Burris, remembers that the Laurel Street School won a contest for selling the most tickets and the prize was the students getting to plant the trees around the old Library on Walnut Street, but she couldn’t remember the year or why they were selling the tickets. The school term was from September to May. The thing Thelma remembered most about the school was there was no running water. Everyone would try to be the one to fetch the free water from the well at the neighbor’s house so as to miss some of the classroom time. As long as she could remember the building was a school, but she couldn’t remember what year it was sold and made into a residence. She learned Reading, Writing and Arithmetic in that two roomed building, which was always, heated with a big pot bellied stove by coal, the boys taking turns to fill the coal bucket. The students were very rough and they had a hard time keeping teachers. There were no white teachers or students in the school at all. She didn’t remember plumbing inside the school and that the outhouse had one side for the boys and the other for the girls. The rooms were divided by grades with a teacher in each room. Grades 1-4 were in one room with grades 5-7 in the other. The attendance officer and the teachers always kept the education the same as the other schools in the city.

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BLACK AMERICAN CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS OF NORTH VERNON, INDIANA by Denise Shafer
Appeared in the North Vernon Plain Dealer, Sept. 2004.

In the town limits of North Vernon as early as 1868, a building somewhere on Greensburg Road was being used by the colored church for the purposes of holding protracted meetings, quarterly meetings and Sunday school. This building was the first colored and free (or common) school house in North Vernon. The Plain Dealer of October 3, 1871 indicated that the “colored” people of North Vernon were circulating a petition to build a church building of their own. Material donations were made and several dinners and festivals were held at various locations to raise money for their new church.

In October of 1873 the North Vernon School Trustee’s offered an award of $50.00 for the arrest of the person or persons responsible for breaking into and smashing the window, doors and furniture of the colored school, stating that the building could not be used for school purposes until it was repaired. Also in this year the congregation of the Second Methodist Church first appeared in the Methodist Conference minutes. The school was repaired and on December 31, 1873 the colored people held a watch meeting in the school.

The cornerstone for the Church was laid August 29, 1873 on the south side of South State Street on a lot between what is now Meloy Street and Park Street. The Church was dedicated on June 18, 1876 however due to gloomy weather the basket meeting was postponed until the fourth Sunday in August. The colored children attended school inside of the church until from an unknown date till 1883.

In February of 1945 the Plain Dealer reprinted a letter from S. J. Richardson who asked if anyone remembered certain things about North Vernon and when the colored folks built the first brick church near the old fair grounds on the road to Vernon. The end of his letter stated “If you can remember these you are at least 75 years old.”

In June of 1883 a massive tornado ripped through North Vernon leaving only a fraction of the walls of the 30’ X 50’ 2nd Methodist Church standing. The school trustees of North Vernon purchased the lot at the junction of Greensburg Road and State Street and contracted with Miller Bros. to build a new school house for the colored children in June or July of 1883. The Plain Dealer of September 6 indicates that the newly built colored School was in process which later was known as the State Street School. It may be that the Methodist Church used the new school building until December of 1888 or sometime in 1889. According to records from the DePauw University Archives the members moved sometime in 1884 to the West End until the new church on Stockwell Street was built.

The report that the colored school on the Greensburg Road was closed in 1884 was not accurate; the notice in the 1884 May 14th Plain Dealer was for the yearly closing exercises and not the closing of the school entirely. This is how it was worded.

"EDUCATIONAL"

The closing exercises of the Colored School occurred at the school house on last Friday afternoon. The program consisted of select readings, declamations, sketches and essays and vocal music. Rev. T. W. NORTHCOTT and Supt. S. W. COABOY were present and made very interesting addresses. The exercises being interspersed with wit and humor were attentively witnessed by a crowded house. The average percent of the school for the year is 86 percent.”

In the Banner Plain Dealer of January 27, 1897 and March 24, 1897 these children were on the Honor Roll at the State Street School: Frances Davis, George Staten, Harry Staten, seventh grade; Clarence Good, fifth grade; Minnie Mitchell, Fidelia Burton, and Isabella Burton third grade; Lulu Peck, Clyde Hood, second grade; Carry Johnson, Carl Mitchell, Ralph Malone, first grade: Johnnie Johnson and Ethel Mitchell.

On June 6, 1888 the trustees of the 2nd Methodist Church purchased lot number 15 in Stockwell’s Addition on Stockwell Street and the December 12, 1888 Plain Dealer made mention of the churches frame work being up and progressing right along. The work on the 2nd Methodist Church was probably completed in 1889 and classes for the colored children were first believed held in this building for the school term that began in fall of 1897 and ended in spring of 1898. The Corinthian Baptist Church was built later in the 1900’s. In September 1897 the Banner Plain Dealer had a note about the South State Street School being used as an overflow for the students, and the furniture which had been stored at the High School was to be moved back into the building. In August of 1898 the school building on South State Street was offered for sale by the North Vernon School Corporation and the closing exercises for the school were conducted at the Stockwell Street Church in May of 1898. In January 1900 the old colored School House on Greensburg Road was rented to Andy Alexander who made kitchen cabinets and tables there. In February of 1900 the building was reported as being repaired for a residence and then in June of 1900 the Banner Plain Dealer reported that Orlando Bacon bought the schoolhouse for $396.00

In 1902 a petition was made by the congregation of the Stockwell Street Church and School to the North Vernon City Council to have the North Vernon School Corporation furnish a school for the colored children, noting that they would not support the school for the next year. On June 19, 1902 three lots numbered 36, 37, and 38 on Laurel Street were transferred to the trustees of the Corporation. According to the Jennings County Assessor’s office the Laurel Street school building was built in 1900.

In May of 1902 a notice in the Sun mentions the children who had not missed a day at Stockwell Street School. Since the North Vernon city school term was from September until May the Laurel Street School started classes in September of 1902. The Laurel Street School had only black students and teachers. The two roomed school house was without electricity or plumbing, was heated with a large pot bellied stove and had chalkboards in both r ooms. One room was for the First to Fourth grades with their own teacher and the other was for the Fifth to Eighth grades with their own teacher as well. The outhouse was right out back, one side was for the boys and the other for the girls. The children would all volunteer to fetch free water from the neighbors well so as to miss lesson time and the boys would take turns filling the coal bucket. The main lessons taught in the school were reading, writing and arithmetic. The education of these students was comparable to that of the other schools in North Vernon, the attendance officer and the teachers would make lesson plans so that by the time the students went onto the High School from the Eighth grade they were at the same level as the other students. Lunch had to be brought in or some of the students walked home. Some of the city kids would trade paper for lunch from the country kids. Also there were some problems with some of the older students mostly the boys creating trouble and causing the teacher’s to come and go. At the end of School year in May there was always some type of exercise to move the children on to the next school year.

The Laurel Street school was closed in 1946 or 47 and all the schools in North Vernon were integrated, no reference has been found so far in the local newspapers about the colored School in North Vernon after 1947.

In the Nineteen Fifties the building was sold and became a modern residence.

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Informmation by Denise Shafer
Page created by Ilah Allsop
Page last updated 7/16/07